Situated to the north of Tai'an City, the Dai Temple is a Taoist
temple as well as the largest and best-preserved architectural complex
on Mt. Taishan.
Also called the East Dai Temple, it is one of the four most famous
ancient architectural complexes including the Forbidden
City in Beijing, the Temple
of Confucius, the Kong
Family Mansion and the cemetery of Confucius
in Qufu, and the Mountain
Resort in Chengde.
Covering an area of 96,000 square meters (24 acres), the Dai Temple
is about 405 meters (1,329 feet) long from south to north and 237
meters (778 feet) wide from east to west. Constructed in the Han
Dynasty (206BC-220), it had been renovated by the emperors in
the past dynasties and became prosperous in the Tang
(618-907) and Song (960-1279)
Dynasties. The temple is where the emperors make sacrifice to the
Gods of Heaven and Earth and worship the God of the Mt. Taishan.
The Dai Temple has various architectural structures including the
Tiankuang Hall, the Yaocan Pavilion, the Zhengyang Gate, the Bell
Tower, the Drum Tower, the Han Dynasty Cypress Courtyard and the
Tang Dynasty Pagoda Tree Courtyard.
The Tiankuang Hall is the main structure of the Dai Temple. Built
in the Song Dynasty, it is also called the Ren'an Hall or the Junji
Hall. In front of the hall there is a huge Ming Dynasty iron censer
and two Song Dynasty pails. On each side of the censer and pails
stands a pavilion with a stone tablet erected within it. On the
tablets are inscribed the poems of Qianlong, a great emperor in
the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911).
In the hall is enshrined the God of the Mt. Taishan which is about
four meters (13 feet) in a shrine. Above the shrine is hung the
plaque inscribed with four Chinese characters 'Pei', 'Tian', 'Zuo'
and 'Zhen' written by Kangxi, an emperor in the Qing Dynasty. On
the walls of the hall is painted a giant Taoist mural. It is said
that the mural had been painted in the Song Dynasty. With a height
of three meters (10 feet) and a length of 62 meters (203 feet),
it depicts the scene of the God of the Mt. Taishan having a tour
of inspection and coming back to his palace.
Also called Caocanmen or Caocan Pavilion, the Yaocan Pavilion is
located outside the South Gate of the Dai Temple. In front of the
pavilion is an archway, iron lions, a flag pole and the Double Dragon
Pool. The pavilion has a main hall and two side halls. Once in the
main hall was enshrined Bixia Yuanjun, a Taoist deity.
In the Han Dynasty Cypress Courtyard grow five cypresses. It is
said that Emperor Wu had planted those cypresses.
Other must-sees in the Dai Temple include an archway, a bronze
pavilion and an iron tower. Built in 1672, the archway is about
12 meters (39 feet) high and 10 meters (31 feet) wide. Various propitious
relief patterns are carved on the archway, such as two dragons playing
with a ball, a flock of cranes playing with a lotus and the red
phoenix in the morning sun. The columns of the archway are also
inscribed with couplets praising the God of the Mt. Taishan.
The bronze pavilion and the iron tower are located at the backyard
of the Dai Temple. Also called Jin Que, the bronze pavilion was
cast in 1615. In the pavilion is enshrined a Taoist deity. The iron
tower was cast in 1565. Originally it was a 13-tier tower. During
the Anti-Japanese War (1937-1945), it was destroyed and only left
four tiers. Both of the bronze pavilion and the iron tower reflect
the ancient Chinese artisans' exquisite workmanship of casting.
The Dai Temple is also famed as the forest of stone tablets. It
houses many stone inscriptions of different periods in history and
some Han Dynasty stone sculptures. The most celebrated is Li Si's
inscriptions on the stone. Li was the Prime Minister in the Qin
Dynasty (221BC-206BC). Meanwhile,
there are also some cultural relics, offerings and the sacrificial
utensils bestowed by the emperors in the temple.