A passport is always required when traveling from one country to another. This is the authorized identification document issued by your country of citizenship that confirms your identity and nationality. 
USA Passport Sample
What is passport?
Passport is a legal certificate issued by one's mother country to testify its owner's nationality and identity when crossing one country's frontier into another for travel, work and residence overseas. Actually the word "passport" in English means the pass of a port. In other words, the passport is the proof for a citizen to go through the international ports of all countries. Some countries may issue a kind of general credentials to replace the passport.
Function:
For international travel across borders, a citizen must possess a legitimate passport which issued by his own country's government, and simultaneously, an effective visa to your destination country is also often required.
If you should have an accident during the period of travel or residence abroad, the host country should first confirm your status and nationality according to your passport, and then decide what to do next and how to handle it well. Similarly, the country which issued the passport and its embassy or consulate stationed abroad also has to decide how to offer help or diplomatic protection based on this passport.
Passport Types
Content of Passport
Period of Validity
Effective Area
Make your passport well-kept
What to do if your passport is lost
After you get the passport
Chinese Embassy Information:
China Embassy in New York, USA
China Embassy in London, UK
China Embassy in Paris, France
China Embassy in Sydney, Australia
China Embassy in Canada
Please click for China Embassy in more countries.
Useful Resources:
Expedited Passport Services
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